The Balkans are a region in southeastern Europe shaped by centuries of migration, empire, and cultural exchange. In antiquity, the area was home to Illyrians, Thracians, Greeks, and later Romans, who left lasting influences in language, law, and infrastructure. After the division of the Roman Empire, the Balkans became a crossroads between the Eastern (Byzantine) and Western worlds, while Slavic migrations in the early Middle Ages laid the foundations for many modern Balkan peoples.

From the late Middle Ages onward, much of the Balkans came under Ottoman rule, which lasted for centuries and deeply influenced religion, architecture, and society. As Ottoman power declined in the 19th century, nationalist movements emerged, leading to the creation of new states and frequent conflicts. The region played a key role in triggering World War I and later experienced major upheavals during the 20th century, including the rise and breakup of Yugoslavia. Today, the Balkans are characterized by rich cultural diversity, complex historical memories, and ongoing efforts toward stability and cooperation.